Hebrew · Strong's H4603
מָעַל
(mah-AL)
verb
To act treacherously or unfaithfully, often involving a hidden agenda or a breach of trust, particularly against God.
The Hebrew verb מָעַל (maʿal) conveys the idea of acting unfaithfully, usually in a way that is hidden or deceitful. Its root suggests a covering up, which extends metaphorically to covert acts of disloyalty or betrayal. The term frequently describes a breach of convenantal obligation or a violation of sacred trust, emphasizing the relational aspect of sin.
While English translations often render it as 'trespass' or 'transgress,' maʿal carries a particular nuance of betrayal, especially in relation to God and his explicit commands. It frequently concerns actions that undermine the integrity of the community or the sanctity of holy things. The seriousness of this unfaithfulness is underscored by the consequences it often brings, ranging from divine judgment to communal punishment.
The theological weight of maʿal lies in its portrayal of sin as a violation of a sacred covenant. It is not merely a breaking of a rule, but a betrayal of a relationship, specifically with the Lord. This can involve misusing dedicated offerings, flouting cultic regulations, or more broadly, turning away from God's word and guidance. The concept highlights the deep personal and corporate damage that results from such acts of disloyalty.
Common English renderings
- transgress
- trespass
- act unfaithfully
- deal treacherously
Key verses
"Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, so as to trespass against Jehovah, and that soul shall be guilty;"
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"So Saul died for his trespass which he committed against Jehovah, because of the word of Jehovah, which he kept not; and also for that he asked counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to inquire thereby,"
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"Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to trespass against our God in marrying foreign women?"
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"For Jehovah brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he had dealt wantonly in Judah, and trespassed sore against Jehovah."
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"And be not ye like your fathers, and like your brethren, who trespassed against Jehovah, the God of their fathers, so that he gave them up to desolation, as ye see."
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"If any one commit a trespass, and sin unwittingly, in the holy things of Jehovah; then he shall bring his trespass-offering unto Jehovah, a ram without blemish out of the flock, according to thy estimation in silver by shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass-offering:"
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