παραδίδωμι

_Paradidomi_ carries the core meaning of "to hand over" or "to give over." This can range from a simple transfer of an object to a more profound act of surrendering a person or oneself. The context is crucial for understanding the specific nuance. In some instances, it describes a beneficent act of entrusting, such as when Paul "delivered" traditions to the churches (1 Cor 11:2, 2 Pet 2:21). However, the term is most frequently associated with hostile actions, particularly betrayal, as seen in the repeated references to Judas’s betrayal of Jesus. It is also used to describe God "giving over" people to their sinful desires (Rom 1:24, 26, 28) as a consequence of their rejection of Him.

The concept of being "handed over" is central to the New Testament narrative concerning the passion of Christ. Jesus is repeatedly depicted as being "handed over" to the Jewish authorities, then to Pilate, and ultimately to the Gentiles for crucifixion. This highlights the fulfillment of prophecy and the voluntary nature of Christ’s sacrifice, as He Himself "delivered Himself up" (Eph 5:2) for the church. The term emphasizes the passive experience of Jesus in His suffering, yet it also underscores the active role of divine purpose in these events.

The semantic range of _paradidomi_ also includes the idea of transmitting teachings or traditions. Early Christian communities received and passed on the teachings of the apostles, "delivering" them from one generation to the next. This highlights the importance of faithful transmission of divine truth. The term can also be used in a legal sense, referring to being "handed over" to a judge or an officer, implying a form of legal custody or judgment.