λαός

The Greek term *laos* generally refers to a people or nation, often in a collective sense. Unlike *demos* (G1218), which tends to emphasize the local populace or citizens, *laos* has a broader scope, encompassing an entire ethnic group or a distinct body of people. In the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament), *laos* is frequently used to translate the Hebrew *’am*, which designates the people of Israel as God’s chosen nation. This association carries significant theological weight into the New Testament, where *laos* can refer to the Jewish people, or, in a new theological development, to the "people of God" comprising believers in Jesus Christ—both Jews and Gentiles.

In the New Testament, *laos* is found in various contexts. It can describe the general public or crowds, as seen in the Gospels and Acts. However, its most profound usage relates to God's covenant people. Jesus is prophesied to "save his people from their sins" (Matthew 1:21), initially referring to Israel but foreshadowing a broader salvation. Paul frequently draws on Old Testament passages to explain how God is creating a new *laos*, a people for himself, even from those who were "not my people" (Romans 9:25). This highlights the continuity and redefinition of God's salvific plan.

The concept of *laos* underscores the communal aspect of faith. Believers are not isolated individuals but are called into a collective identity as God's consecrated people. This communal identity carries with it divine purpose and ethical responsibilities, as they are called to be a "peculiar people, zealous of good works" (Titus 2:14). This transformation from a general populace to a people specifically belonging to God is a central theme in New Testament theology, emphasizing God's sovereign election and redemptive work in forming a community to bear His name.