Greek · Strong's G268
ἁμαρτωλός
hamartōlós (hah-mar-toh-LOS)
adjective, noun
The Greek term *hamartōlos* refers to one who misses the mark morally or spiritually, frequently translated as "sinner" or "sinful."
The word *hamartōlos* is derived from *hamartia*, meaning "sin." It broadly describes someone characterized by sin or who commits sin. In ancient Greek literature outside the Bible, the term could denote someone who made a mistake, but in biblical contexts, it takes on a deeper ethical and theological meaning, referring to a person who fails to conform to God's moral standards. The scope of actions implied by *hamartōlos* is wide, encompassing both specific sinful acts and a general state of deviation from righteousness.
In the New Testament, *hamartōlos* frequently appears in social and religious contrasts. Jesus is often depicted as associating with "tax collectors and sinners," highlighting his mission to those deemed outcast or morally compromised by the religious establishment of his day. This usage emphasizes the societal and spiritual ostracization of those labeled *hamartōloi*. The term underscores the universal human condition apart from divine grace, as seen in Paul's writings, where all humanity is categorized as *hamartōloi* in need of redemption through Christ.
The theological weight of *hamartōlos* lies in its portrayal of humanity's fallen state and the urgent need for salvation. The concept is foundational to understanding the Gospel, as it establishes the necessity of Christ's redemptive work. It points to a moral and spiritual separation from God, making reconciliation indispensable. The term serves to highlight the contrast between human imperfection and divine holiness, setting the stage for the New Testament message of repentance and grace. It is not merely descriptive but points to a condition that requires transformation.
Common English renderings
- sinful
- sinner
- ungodly
Key verses
"And it came to pass, as he sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with Jesus and his disciples."
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"And when Jesus heard it, he saith unto them, They that are whole have no need of a physician, but they that are sick: I came not to call the righteous, but sinners."
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"For as through the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one shall the many be made righteous."
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"Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded."
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"let him know, that he who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins."
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"For such a high priest became us, holy, guileless, undefiled, separated from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;"
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Related words