καρπός

The Greek term *karpos* describes fruit or produce, whether from plants, animals, or human beings. It can refer to edible fruit, as in grapevines or fig trees, representing the natural output of growth and cultivation. In a wider sense, it encompasses the offspring of living creatures. Beyond these literal meanings, *karpos* is frequently employed metaphorically in the New Testament to denote the outcome or consequence of actions, attitudes, or spiritual states. This semantic range allows the word to convey both tangible results and intangible effects.

Figuratively, *karpos* often carries significant theological weight, representing the outward evidence of an inner reality. For instance, "fruits of righteousness" (Philippians 1:11) signify actions and character traits that align with God's justice and saving work. Likewise, the "fruit of the Spirit" (Galatians 5:22-23) enumerates the virtues—love, joy, peace, and so on—that God's Spirit produces in the life of a believer. These are not merely human endeavors but divine manifestations. The concept of bearing fruit is therefore intrinsically linked to spiritual vitality and genuine faith, with good fruit indicating a healthy spiritual state and bad fruit revealing an unhealthy one.

In various biblical contexts, *karpos* also relates to the idea of return or profit. This can be economic, as in the "fruit of his labor" (Philemon 1:22) or the yield of a vineyard (1 Corinthians 9:7). More importantly, it refers to the spiritual return from ministry or evangelism, gathering "fruit unto life eternal" (John 4:36). The focus here is on enduring results—those actions, conversions, or good works that have lasting significance in God's kingdom. This highlights the importance of efforts that lead to eternal benefit and glorification of God.