Greek · Strong's G1122
γραμματεύς
grammateús (gram-mat-yooce)
noun, masculine
A public official, often a secretary or clerk, specializing in writing and legal matters, sometimes referring to experts in Jewish law.
The Greek term γραμματεύς (grammateús) broadly refers to a writer or secretary. In the Greco-Roman world, a γραμματεύς could be a public official responsible for records, letters, and various administrative tasks within a city or region. Their duties were varied, ranging from simple transcription to more complex legal and civic responsibilities. The office of "town-clerk" (as in Acts 19:35) is an example of such a function, where the γραμματεύς held significant authority and prestige in civic affairs.
In the New Testament, however, the term predominantly refers to Jewish scholars and teachers of the Law. These "scribes" were learned individuals who meticulously copied and interpreted the Old Testament scriptures. They were considered experts in Jewish law and tradition, and their pronouncements carried considerable weight within Jewish society. They often sat in Moses' seat, instructing the people in the Law and rendering legal decisions. They were frequently associated with the Pharisees, sharing a commitment to the meticulous observance of the Law, though they were a distinct group.
The scribes played a crucial, and often negative, role in the Gospel narratives. They are frequently depicted as opponents of Jesus, challenging his authority, questioning his teachings, and conspiring with other religious leaders to bring about his death. Jesus often denounced their hypocrisy, their legalistic interpretations that burdened the people, and their focus on outward appearance over true piety. Despite their significant knowledge of the scriptures, many scribes failed to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, highlighting a tragic irony in their learned profession.
Common English renderings
- scribe
- town-clerk
- teacher of the law
Key verses
"Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and garnish the tombs of the righteous,"
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"And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this that speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?"
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"And the chief priests and the scribes heard it, and sought how they might destroy him: for they feared him, for all the multitude was astonished at his teaching."
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"From that time began Jesus to show unto his disciples, that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and the third day be raised up."
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