שֵׁן

The Hebrew noun *shen* primarily denotes a "tooth," often emphasizing its sharpness or pointed nature. It can refer to human teeth, as seen in the legal principle of "a tooth for a tooth" (Exodus 21:24), or to the formidable teeth of animals, such as lions, highlighting their destructive power. The word is frequently used in contexts describing aggression, hunger, or punishment, where teeth are employed for biting, gnashing, or tearing.

Beyond its literal meaning, *shen* takes on metaphorical significations due to its physical characteristics. The smooth, hard substance of teeth leads to its use for "ivory," a precious material derived from tusks. This usage appears in descriptive passages, often associated with beauty, luxury, or idolatry. Additionally, the sharp, protruding nature of a tooth can be extended to geographic features, specifically a "crag" or a sharp, rocky cliff. This metaphorical application points to the physical appearance and sometimes the inaccessibility or danger of such formations.

While possessing a relatively narrow semantic range, the various applications of *shen* showcase how concrete physical objects can lend their characteristics to other concepts. Its use in legal codes underscores its importance in ancient justice, while its appearance in poetic and descriptive texts illustrates its role in vivid imagery.