קֶרֶן

The Hebrew term *qeren* primarily refers to a horn, often stemming from the horns of animals. Its semantic range is broad, encompassing both literal and figurative meanings. Literally, it can refer to the horn of an animal, used for defense, as a container for oil or other liquids, or as a musical instrument. The horns of sacrificial altars also bear this name, and these projections were significant points of contact for atonement rituals, as seen in the practice of applying blood to them.

Beyond its literal sense, *qeren* frequently serves as a powerful metaphor for strength, power, and dignity. This figurative usage is evident when the Bible speaks of God exalting the "horn" of His people, signifying an increase in their status, might, or success. Conversely, the "horns" of enemies can represent their oppressive power or military might. The breaking or cutting off of a horn symbolizes defeat, humiliation, and loss of authority. This idea is particularly strong in prophetic literature, where horns often symbolize earthly kingdoms or rulers and their respective powers.

In some contexts, *qeren* can also refer to a peak or summit, such as a mountain's peak, likely due to its resemblance to an animal horn. The imagery of the horn is thus interwoven throughout the Old Testament, representing a multifaceted symbol of physical attributes, ritual significance, and abstract concepts of power and honor.