אָמַץ

The Hebrew verb אָמַץ (ʼamats) has a rich semantic range, generally referring to strength, firmness, and courage. It can describe physical robustness, such as strengthening one's arms for work (Proverbs 31:17), or the fortification of a kingdom or structure (2 Chronicles 11:17, 24:13). Beyond the physical, it frequently denotes mental and moral fortitude, urging individuals to be strong and courageous in the face of adversity or in carrying out divine commands, as seen prominently in the exhortations to Joshua (Joshua 1:9) and the people of Judah (2 Chronicles 32:7).

This concept of strength is not merely an inherent quality but often an active process of becoming strong or making something strong. It implies a firm resolve and steadfastness, such as Ruth's determination to accompany Naomi (Ruth 1:18). The theological weight of אָמַץ (ʼamats) often lies in its connection to divine empowerment. When people are encouraged to be strong, it is frequently in the context of relying on God, who is the ultimate source of strength (Psalm 31:24). This divine strengthening allows individuals to overcome challenges and remain faithful.

The verb also appears in contexts of prevailing or becoming stronger than an opponent (2 Chronicles 13:7, 13:18), indicating a successful exercise of power. In some instances, it can even carry a negative connotation, such as hardening one's heart. The English renderings reflect this broad range, including "confirm," "be courageous," "strengthen," "prevail," and "establish." The multifaceted nature of אָמַץ (ʼamats) underscores the biblical emphasis on both human responsibility to cultivate strength and divine provision of that strength.