ἀποκτείνω

The Greek verb ἀποκτείνω (apokteínō) primarily signifies the act of killing, slaying, or putting to death. Its semantic range extends from literal acts of violence leading to physical demise to more figurative expressions of destruction or nullification. This term is employed widely in the New Testament to describe various scenarios, including murder, state-sanctioned executions, and violent persecution. The theological weight of ἀποκτείνω often underscores the gravity of taking a life, as well as the suffering endured by those targeted for their faith or position.

Biblical usage prominently features human agents as those who kill, often in acts of rejection or malice. For instance, Jesus frequently speaks of those who would "kill" the prophets (Matthew 23:37) or himself (Mark 8:31). This highlights the prophetic understanding of rejection and martyrdom. The book of Revelation also uses ἀποκτείνω to describe divine judgment and the intense persecution faced by believers, emphasizing the ultimate victory of God even in the face of death.

While the primary sense remains literal killing, the figurative use of ἀποκτείνω, meaning to destroy or bring to an end, is also attested, although less frequent in the New Testament than the literal sense. This broader semantic capacity allows for its application beyond physical death, pointing toward a complete cessation or annihilation. The consistent theme throughout its usage is the termination of life or existence, whether through human agency or divine decree.