κεφαλή

Kephalḗ most often refers to the physical head of a person or animal. This can describe the entire head with its features, as in the numbering of hairs on one's head (Matthew 10:30) or the head of John the Baptist on a platter (Mark 6:24-25, 28). Figuratively, kephalḗ signifies preeminence, authority, or leadership. It can denote the "head of the corner" (Luke 20:17, Acts 4:11), referring to a foundational and prominent stone that unites two walls, thus symbolizing Christ as the essential and leading element of the church. This figurative sense extends to concepts of Christ as the head of the church, where he is the supreme authority and source of life for the body of believers. This rich semantic range highlights both the literal and metaphorical importance of the "head" as a source of being and governance.

The theological weight of kephalḗ is particularly evident in its application to Jesus Christ. He is presented as the "head" in a hierarchical sense, implying that all authority and direction flow from him. This is a crucial concept for understanding the nature of the church and Christ's relationship to it. The idea of Christ as the head conveys not only his authority but also his role as the initiator and sustainer of the church, much like the head is vital for the functioning of the human body. This usage of kephalḗ underscores the New Testament's emphasis on Christ's sovereignty and his integral position in both creation and redemption.