θάνατος

The Greek term *thanatos* primarily denotes death, a concept with profound theological implications throughout the New Testament. It encompasses not only the cessation of physical life but also a deeper spiritual reality. This word is frequently used to describe the separation of the body and soul, the natural end of human life due to sin. This physical death, however, is often presented as a consequence of the fallen nature of humanity, inherited from Adam's transgression.

Beyond the physical, *thanatos* also describes spiritual death, which is the state of separation from God. This spiritual estrangement is a result of sin and manifests in a life alienated from divine fellowship and purpose. The New Testament writers frequently highlight this condition, emphasizing that humanity, apart from Christ, is "dead in trespasses and sins." This spiritual death is often contrasted with the "eternal life" offered through faith in Jesus Christ, who conquered the power of death.

Furthermore, *thanatos* can refer to eternal death, also known as the "second death," which signifies ultimate and irreversible separation from God's presence and the experience of divine judgment. This eternal death is the final consequence for those who reject God's offer of salvation. The concept of death in the New Testament is thus multifaceted, painting a comprehensive picture of humanity's dire situation apart from Christ and the profound victory secured through his own death and resurrection. The self-sacrificing death of Jesus is portrayed as the means by which believers are freed from the dominion of all forms of death.