εἰρήνη

eirḗnē (peace) broadly refers to a state of tranquility, harmony, and well-being. This can encompass an absence of conflict, as well as a positive state of wholeness and prosperity. The concept of eirḗnē in the New Testament is deeply rooted in the Old Testament concept of "shalom" (H7965), carrying some of its rich connotations of completeness, soundness, and welfare. It is more than just the absence of war; it is the presence of everything that makes for a person's highest good. This comprehensive understanding of peace extends to relationships among people, within oneself, and most significantly, between humanity and God.

In the New Testament, eirḗnē frequently describes the spiritual rest and reconciliation that believers experience through Christ. For instance, in Romans 5:1, Paul declares that believers "have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ" after being justified by faith. This highlights a restorative aspect of eirḗnē, where the fractured relationship between God and humanity is mended, leading to a state of favor and communion. It also denotes an inner calm and security despite outward circumstances, a peace that "surpasses all understanding" (Philippians 4:7).

The pursuit and maintenance of eirḗnē are presented as vital aspects of Christian living. Believers are called to be peacemakers and to actively seek peace with all people. The gospel itself is described as the "gospel of peace," emphasizing its inherent power to reconcile and bring harmony. In greetings and blessings throughout the New Testament epistles, eirḗnē is paired with "grace" as a characteristic gift from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, underscoring its divine origin and significance for the Christian community. This peace is both a present reality and a future hope, anticipated fully in the new heavens and new earth.