שֵׁם

The Hebrew word _shem_ most commonly translates as "name." However, its semantic range extends beyond a mere label for identification. A name in ancient Israelite culture was intimately connected with the person's identity, character, and reputation. To "bear a name" or "call a name" could signify ownership, authority, or the invocation of that person's presence and power. Thus, _shem_ can often be understood as encompassing the full essence and reputation of an individual or even God himself.

When applied to God, _shem_ takes on profound theological significance. The "name of the LORD" does not refer to a simple utterance but to the revealed character, power, and presence of God. To "bless in the name of the LORD" or "call upon the name of the LORD" is to invoke God's authority and presence. Protecting God's name involves living in a way that honors His character and avoids blasphemy or profanity, as seen in the command not to take the LORD's name in vain.

In addition to personal identification and divine manifestation, _shem_ also relates to fame, renown, and memorial. To make a "name" for oneself was to achieve recognition or to ensure remembrance. Places and institutions could also have a _shem_, indicating their identity and significance. The concept of preserving a "name" was vital for family lineage and tribal identity, ensuring that one's legacy continued through generations.