קָשַׁר

The Hebrew verb *kashar* (Qal) primarily denotes the action of binding or tying. This can be understood in a literal sense, such as binding up a physical object. For instance, it describes the binding of a scarlet line in Joshua 2:21, which served as a sign for Rahab's house. This literal notion extends to binding things onto the body, as commanded in Deuteronomy 6:8, where the Israelites are instructed to bind the words of God as a sign on their hand and as frontlets between their eyes. Proverbs similarly encourages binding wisdom and mercy to the neck and heart (Proverbs 3:3, 6:21), emphasizing an internalizing and constant remembrance of these virtues.

Beyond physical binding, *kashar* also conveys a sense of strong connection or unity. It describes the deep emotional attachment expressed in Genesis 44:30, where Jacob's soul is described as "bound up" in Benjamin's life, reflecting a profound emotional dependence and bond. This signifies that to be bound can also mean to be completely devoted or inextricably linked to something or someone.

However, the term also takes on a negative connotation when used in the context of conspiracy. It frequently describes the act of "conspiring" or "making a conspiracy" against someone. This is evident in several historical accounts within the books of Kings and Chronicles, such as the numerous plots against various kings (e.g., 1 Kings 16:9; 2 Chronicles 24:21, 25; 25:27). In these instances, *kashar* highlights a deliberate and often treacherous plotting together, an illicit binding together for a harmful purpose. The semantic range of *kashar* thus extends from benign physical tying to deep emotional connection, to nefarious plotting.