בָּשָׂר

The Hebrew term *basar* has a wide semantic range, primarily referring to "flesh" in various contexts. It can denote the literal flesh of humans and animals, as a component of the body. This is evident in descriptions of creation, physical appearance, and even in dietary laws concerning the consumption of meat. The term often carries the connotation of weakness, mortality, and transience, especially when contrasted with God's enduring power and spirit. In this sense, it highlights the human condition. While often referring to individual physical bodies, *basar* can also encompass all living creatures, emphasizing the shared vulnerability of life.

Beyond its physical meaning, *basar* can refer to humanity as a whole, focusing on its creaturely limitations and dependence on divine grace. This usage often appears in poetic and prophetic literature to underscore the ephemeral nature of human existence in comparison to the eternal nature of God. The phrase "all flesh" frequently occurs, signifying all humanity or all living things. It can also refer to kinship, indicating blood relations. The term is sometimes used euphemistically to refer to genitalia, particularly in the context of covenant (circumcision) or sexual sins, though this is a less common usage. The concept of "flesh" in the Old Testament, therefore, is multifaceted, embracing both the physical reality and the theological implications of human and animal life.

In some contexts, *basar* can also denote the whole person, making it a broader term than simply "flesh" as a bodily component. This holistic understanding recognizes the interconnectedness of the physical and spiritual aspects of a being. When God says, "My spirit shall not strive with man forever, for he is indeed *basar*," the emphasis is on humanity's created and mortal nature, underscoring the need for God's sustaining presence. The term, therefore, serves as a crucial theological concept for understanding the relationship between the created and the Creator, highlighting humanity's dependency and God's sovereignty.