ἄνθρωπος

Anthropos is a common Greek noun for human beings, encompassing both male and female persons. It can denote an individual person, as in "a certain man," or it can refer to humanity collectively. It highlights the general nature of being human, often in contrast to God or animals. This word appears frequently in the New Testament, especially in the Gospels, where it is a key component of the significant phrase "Son of Man."

When used with the definite article, "the man," it can refer to a specific individual already mentioned or generally understood. In theological contexts, it emphasizes the created nature of humanity, and the shared characteristics and experiences of all people. For example, it speaks to our mortality, our relationship to God, and our need for salvation. It underlines the universal scope of both sin and redemption, because all humanity falls under its umbrella.

The phrase "Son of Man" (ho huios tou anthropou) is a prominent self-designation used by Jesus in the Gospels. This title connects Jesus to both his human identity and to the prophetic figure in Daniel 7:13–14, who receives eternal dominion. Through this title, Jesus identifies with humankind while also asserting his divine authority and eschatological role as judge and redeemer. The use of anthropos within this phrase highlights Jesus's true humanity and his solidarity with all people.

In some contexts, anthropos can also be used idiomatically to indicate one's fellow human beings or "people" in a general sense. Its broad semantic range makes it adaptable to various nuances in the biblical text, from referring to a specific person to encompassing the whole of humanity in its spiritual and physical dimensions.