διώκω

Diōkō carries a significant semantic range, encompassing both physical pursuit and diligent application toward a goal. In its most common usage in secular Greek, it refers to the act of chasing or pursuing an animal or a fleeing enemy. This physical sense of pursuit is evident in some biblical contexts, often implying an earnest effort to overtake or capture.

Beyond simple pursuit, diōkō also often signifies persecution, particularly in the New Testament. This usage highlights the aggressive and hostile nature of the pursuit, where the intent is to oppress, harass, or harm. This aspect of the word is profoundly illustrated in passages where early Christians, and even Jesus himself, are described as being persecuted. Paul, before his conversion, explicitly uses diōkō to describe his actions against the church, underscoring the severity and opposition inherent in this meaning.

However, diōkō also conveys a positive sense of earnest striving or pressing toward a goal. This is seen in exhortations to eagerly pursue peace, righteousness, or Christian virtues. In this context, the intensity of pursuit remains, but it is directed towards a beneficial outcome. For instance, believers are encouraged to "follow after" things that build up and bring peace, indicating a dedicated and active engagement in spiritual growth and communal harmony. This demonstrates the varied ways in which the word reflects active and intentional striving, whether for good or ill.